Your RAW file has not been changed. The little icon you see tells you that you have made some edits to the image but those edits have not been permanently applied to the RAW file itself, they are stored in the XMP file.
When you open the file in Camera Raw it will automatically apply those edits so you see the image with the changes applied. You can choose to save a jpg or a tiff with those edits applied and that will make a new file that is different then the RAW and have the edits applied permanently to those respective files
Or you can choose "open image" and it will open in Photoshop with those edits, and you can make other changes, then saving it from photoshop will save it as a PSD file with the camera raw edits AND any changes you made in Photoshop.
If you open that same original RAW file in another photo editor that does not read the XMP file you will see that the edits are not applied to the file.
When in camera Raw you can chose to revert the RAW file back to the default settings for the file by selecting the drop down menu to the right of the word basic in the basic editing window. "Image settings" is the edits you have made and "Camera Raw Defaults" is without the edits.