Is it lenses which make your photographs, not camera bodies?

Question

I read somewhere on this site itself that you should spend more on your lenses and less on your camera bodies.

Is it a myth or a fact that mostly it is the lenses which make your photographs not the camera bodies? If it is true, then on what basis?

Answer 1

It's a bit of both.

Everything that the camera has to work with comes to it through the lens. If the lens is horribly soft (that is, it gives low-contrast and not very sharp images) when you do everything right, then it doesn't make a lot of difference what camera it's attached to, you're not going to be able to get razor-sharp images with a lot of "pop". The same goes for any of the optical characteristics of a lens -- the camera can't give you a wider maximum aperture, lower distortion, etc.†

So there is a minimum level of optical quality below which you really don't want to fall when selecting lenses, and there really is no substitute for having the right class of lens for the job (whether that means having a wide maximum aperture or the right focal length).

And there are handling issues to consider as well -- many of the "kit" lenses and crop-sensor superzooms are optically very good (some are actually excellent), but they're almost impossible to focus manually because they have only a very narrow ring of knurled plastic way out on the far end of a wobbly set of focus tubes to work with. If you don't focus manually, you'd never notice, but a Zen master on Valium could easily find himself smashing what is otherwise an acceptable lens to smithereens (and kicking kittens) if manual focus was important to him. And some lenses that get the optics very right but saved money on the construction exhibit zoom or focus creep -- the glass in the lens is heavier than the mechanical bits can handle, so when you point the lens up or down, gravity does its thing and changes your settings.

All of that said, though, a lens can't fix all of the problems with a camera either. If you need to shoot, say, people in very low ambient light, it's a lot easier (though only slightly less expensive) to find a camera that will let you work at ISO 25,600 than it is to find a lens with an f/0.35 maximum aperture (and if you did find the lens, you'd have to decide which part of which eyelash on which person you wanted in focus, since everything else will be thoroughly blurred). And on the camera I use hand-held and in the field most of the time,‡ a 6MP Nikon D70, there isn't enough resolution on the sensor for me to see the difference between an excellent lens and one that's merely very good -- I could spend a fortune on the very best lenses, but until I change cameras I can't see the difference in my photographs. So yes, the camera body makes a much bigger difference in the digital era than it did in the film era. But it still can't make up for a horrible lens.

And let's be realistic, too -- the lens you can afford and actually use to take pictures will always be better than the brilliant but expensive pinnacle of the lensmaker's art that never gets closer to you than your Amazon wish list. When it comes right down to it, it's much better to have a $300 dollar Samyang on your camera, with all of its flaws and foibles, than an $1800 Nikkor locked away safely in your local photo boutique. The picture you can't take never comes out well.

As Nir said, the photographer, not the tools, is the biggest limiting factor.

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^{† Both cameras and some outboard processing software can remove things like geometric distortion (barrel and pincushion), vignetting and lateral chromatic abberation after the fact by calculating what the image would have looked like without the problems, but that always involves losing some of the original data.}

^{‡ I have Parkinson's disease, and I can't afford to buy a new top-of-the-range camera every time I drop one or involuntarily swing it into a wall. Meds can keep the tremors under control (and one learns to time things), but they don't do much for the clumsiness. At under $200 per, I don't worry about the D70s so much, and that's liberating. (I can't wait for the "ew, that's so-o-o old" used D7000s to hit the market at that price, though.) There's the whole CCD sync speed thing, too -- everything is X-sync, and all I have to consider is the flash duration being longer than my selected shutter speed. And since most of what I shoot is for small prints and the web, 6MP isn't much of a limitation. Now, if I could just get it to work in available darkness...}

Answer 2

It's not the lens that makes the picture, nor is it the camera body, nor is it I'm afraid the photographer. It's a system of integrated parts that work together that produce an image, no one part can claim all of the credit.

The popular viewpoint that it's the photographer that matters not the gear, doesn't tell the whole story. I agree with the sentiment that with enough imagination you can make up for the shortcomings of your equipment, something which is often demonstrated hold up examples of amazing images shot with cameraphones. However no mention is made of how many conditions had to be just right for the image, how much skill (or luck) went into nailing the focus, likewise no mention is made of the type of photography attempted, it's much easier to use your imagination to create a funky portrait with a simple camera than it is to get a good wildlife shot with the same camera.

The same applies to the camera vs. lens debate. In the broadest possible terms, a good lens will make your images look better, but a good camera body will increase your chances of getting the image in the first place (with the right exposure/framing/focus). Both is preferable to get results consistently. You can of course overcome shortcomings in either but again it's heavily dependant on what you shoot. If you shoot in low light a good prime lens can really help, if you shoot sports you might appreciate a faster shooting speed and better AF.

Upgrading to a full frame body often means you can get better results (in terms of depth of field / sharpness) from cheaper prime lenses. For example if you're not limited by light shooting a 50 f/1.4 stopped down to f/2.2 (a stop and a bit) on full frame will give you the same framing and depth of field as shooting a 35 f/1.4 wide open on a crop but with more sharpness and contrast from a cheaper lens.

If you are birding then you really should have a telephoto lens. I can't say the word need because I once photographed a bird in flight with an ultrawide 10mm lens but it was a few inches from my face. Again you can do without the gear but in this field you wont get the results nearly as often.

Answer 3

It's the photographer that makes the picture, not the camera, lens or lighting equipment.

The reason for the advice to invest in lenses is that for most cases the cheap DSLR bodies are good enough and you simply won't use the features of the more advanced bodies - while you will see the difference with the better lens.

My advice is to find the factor that limits you and spend the money there - in my cases (and I believe for most amateur photographers) a good flash and a set of radio triggers makes a much bigger difference than the body or the lens.

Answer 4

As one of the perpetrators of that myth, I feel that most people are missing the point.

It is true that everything is important - the system as Matt said - but if you have to give more importance to one piece of equipment, it is the lens.

If you look at historical photos, you will see plenty of evocative images made from cameras and lenses which do not even compare to the cheapest kit you can find today. What makes them powerful is what is in them, and that is controlled much more by the lens.

There are of course plenty of reasons to get a better camera, including the ability to shoot in lower light, faster, in freezing temperatures, under the rain, etc. A new lens also gives new abilities like a different prespective, angle of view, depth-of-field, reach, etc. Of all those, the abilities given by the lens will have a far greater impact and your photography.

Once you get the right framing, subject and perspective, then you should worry about what your camera can do.

Answer 5

In the days of film, the camera was basically a light-tight box. The film and the lens determined quality. So that statement was true to a degree.

In the digital world, the sensor may make as much of a difference to image quality as the lens, especially at higher ISOs. So the answer is...it depends. If you have enough light to shoot at ISO with a fast enough shutter speed, the lens is going to be the most limiting factor. If you're shooting at higher ISOs, the sensor matters.

In any event, if you can't get a fast enough shutter speed, a good tripod might help with absolute resolving power more than either the lens or sensor.

Answer 6

I think the answer boils down to one simple point related to physics and another one related to product evolution:

• The lens is the entry point of the light that makes up your photos. Any degradation in clarity and sharpness at this point, cannot be restored by any body it's attached to.

• Camera bodies evolve rapidly. They get better noise reduction, faster microchips, more focus points, quicker auto focus, integrated GPS receivers and more affordable for each generation.

While your spanking new, $1.000+ body will be surpassed by an entry-level model in a few years' time, lenses do not undergo revolutions at the same rate. Sure, image stabilization is one of those fairly new feats, and that technology does improve as well, but that's nothing compared to the evolution of bodies.

A truly good quality lens now, will also shine on the new dSLR body you might upgrade to in 5 years. A mediocre lens on the same imagined new body, will still be mediocre, and its shortfalls be more ruthlessly revealed.

Quality lenses are good investment, because they retain their value much longer than the bodies.

I'd start with the cheapest entry-level body that fits my hands, and spend all I can afford on the lens. Then later, perhaps after building a collection of various quality lenses, upgrade the body to a newer and/or bigger model.

Answer 7

The idea comes from pre-micoprocessor days when camera bodies were all mechanical and lens design wasn't computerized. Camera bodies were just light-tight boxes (many didn't even have shutters) and the quality of the lens was very dependent on human craftsmanship (and perhaps some luck). Given two competent 35mm mechanical cameras made by different companies with the same kind of film, the difference between the two cameras would the lenses.

During this era there was a photographer (or cinematographer, I couldn't find the quote) who said something like -- if the lens I want mounts on a pumpkin, I'd use a pumpkin as a camera.

These days the bodies are much more important in terms of differentiating camera equipment -- as the quality of the sensor, image processor, etc. do have an important effect on quality.

But like I always say -- I've taken crapy pictures with very good cameras. The really important equipment is yourself.

Answer 8

Much of the Time, Lens Quality Beats Camera Quality!

By ignoring the lens quality when considering new kit, you may as well forget the quality of camera too. You see, you may buy the latest all-singing, all-dancing camera, but if you put a cheap lens on the front, you lose all the benefits that the camera has.

How can I check the lens quality when I buy one?

If you use a digital SLR camera, take it with you when you next go into a camera shop. If you don't use digital, ask the shop assistant if you can borrow one to test the lens.

First of all "feel" the lens. Is it sturdy? Does it feel like quality in your hands? Do the focus ring and/or zoom ring operate smoothly? Is it heavy-ish? (means better quality glass), what is the maximum aperture? f.8? Too small! You will hardly be able to use it in normal situations. f3.5 is a good start.

Put it on the camera and test the autofocus. Is it reasonably quick and accurate? Is it very noisy? (bad)! Does it spend time "searching" for a focus point or does it find the spot quickly? Can you switch it to manual focus? Again, how does it "feel"?

Now take a couple of photos. One of a scene, using a small aperture like f.11, maybe of the street. Use the cameras replay mode and zoom in to check the focus, paying attention to the edges. Are they pretty sharp? Is the depth of field ok, with distant objects being relatively clear? Is there any fringing (purple halos) around anything?

Now, take one inside the shop using the widest aperture of f.2.8 or f.4 (maybe f5.6) for a really shallow depth of field (i.e. just what you focus on will be sharp!). Be careful to focus on something in particular and hold the camera steady, take the shot. Again, replay the photograph and check that what you focussed on is actually in focus!

Then you'll learn if the lens or the camera.

Answer 9

The advice to spend more on lenses than on the body reflects the ongoing investment, if a body wears out or breaks then the lenses can be used with a new body. Also different lenses mean different photographc options.

That said, it is a triumvirate of photographer, camera body and lens. If any of these is not up to the job then the resulting pictures will not be as good as they could be.

There is also the adage that the best camera is the one you have with you, which tends to argue in favour of smaller (and perhaps less valuable).

In brief, it's complicated.

Answer 10

No amount of money spent on a camera body can compensate for a poor quality lens, however a better body can potentially better exploit the capabilities of a good lens.

Camera bodies tend to depreciate quite quickly as new models are released, whereas a good lens can last for years, so spending a lot on a body if you don't already have good lenses may not be a good investment, however at some point, you may well find a body is the limiting factor.

A good example from my own experience: I wanted to take a night image of the Milky Way without star trails. I have a fast 50mm F1.4 lens that is decently sharp. I have a body with an APS-C sensor. Unfortunately at sufficient ISO to avoid star trails and get a good exposure, I found I got a very noisy image. Upgrading to a body with a full-frame sensor with larger pixels would allow me to use a higher ISO rating with better noise performance. Such a body would be expensive, but so would acquiring a faster lens than I have - if I could even find one with a wide enough aperture.

'Better' in terms of bodies is somewhat relative to what you want to do. That's why Canon makes a 1DX MK II and a Canon 5DS. The former has a relatively low resolution sensor designed for high ISO performance such as sports or astrophotography, whereas the latter has a very high resolution sensor, which will provide much more detail, and be better for landscapes or fashion photography.

Before you start spending a lot on lenses, it's worth investigating the camera system you intend to use to ensure that it can grow with you, and the types of photography you do. Changing camera systems when you've already accumulated a number of lenses in a particular mount can be costly. If you start out with a body with an APS-C sized sensor, but may later upgrade to full-frame, bear in mind that not all lenses will cover the full area of a full-frame sensor. Lenses that work with a full-frame sensor will work fine with a smaller sensor as well, but they may cost more, so even though it's worth buying good lenses from the start, keep in mind the upgrade path for bodies.

Answer 11

I'm somewhat surprised that nobody has said exactly what aspects of the image are produced by the lens and what aspects of the image are produced by the camera.

Lens determines (I'm assuming autofocus, not manual focus, here):

• Field of view / image circle
• Depth of field for a given circle of confusion (fix the CoC, get the DoF)
• Background blur in length units
• Exposure per unit second
• Image sharpness, chromatic aberration, vignetting, etc.
• How near you can focus
• How well autofocus works (partially by the lens, partially by the camera, they work together)

Camera body determines:

• How many megapixels the image has
• Level of noise (although this depends on the exposure per unit second and shutter speed)
• How many seconds you collect photons, i.e. shutter speed, which determines total exposure
• How big chunk of the field of view / image circle of the lens you use
• Shutter lag, burst rate, etc.
• Post-processing of the image if shooting JPG. For example, noise reduction algorithms can vary between different generation cameras. Some new cameras (EOS RP) can correct automatically lens distortion, chromatic aberration and vignetting if shooting JPG.
• How well autofocus works (partially by the lens, partially by the camera, they work together)

In many cases, the sharpness of the image is limited by lens sharpness and not by the camera body megapixel count. In many cases, the amount of light is so great that level of noise between different camera bodies doesn't matter. In many cases, the shutter speed difference between different cameras (1/8000 s vs 1/4000 s) doesn't matter because you aren't using such fast shutter speeds anyway. In many cases, shutter lag and burst rate of different cameras are all just fine. That leaves two of the most important aspects of the camera body: how much of the image circle you use (crop sensor vs full frame), and how well autofocus works.

Answer 12

Im coming from a 30 year pro photographer background and I have this sort of conversation all the time with friends. Back in film days most camera systems had a lens in their line up that was worth owning and so i would buy the lens because it would give the look i was after and the body just to hold the film .Examples are Hasselblad 110 f2 , pentax 165mm on the 6x7 body. (had about 5 of these bodies as they were terribly unreliable) Mamiya 110 on the RZ for the leaf shutter etc etc etc. Now with Digital im still doing basically the same thing. Subject matter comes into it though. Do i need 8000th of a second - huge files- no noise- 6 frames per second etc. Only you can answer that bit. My clients always comment on the "look" of the shot before pixel peeping. My advice is work out what you actually NEED in a camera body and then pick the lens you WANT for the style of image your after. Sensor size to lens focal length with play a part also.

Have fun....take pictures!

Answer 13

Is it lenses which make your photographs, not camera bodies?

No. Photographers make photographs using camera bodies and film or camera bodies with digital sensors. Sometimes, photographers also use lenses and other equipment.

Is it a myth or a fact that mostly it is the lenses which make your photographs not the camera bodies?

It is a myth. Photographs are produced entirely within the camera body using film or digital sensors. Contrary to popular opinion, no lens is required, although they do help make images look better.

In ancient times, latent images were produced on film within camera bodies. The film was later developed in a darkroom by exposing it to chemicals. In modern times, digital sensors are used instead of film. Such sensors are pretty much inseparable from the camera body, so camera bodies can now be considered to be producing the image.

Consider the following:

• A new, modern lens ($500-2000) used on a terrible camera body with poor resolution (320x240, 640x480, 800x600, or 1024x768) - ($5 at thrift shop). The images look maybe not much different from those taken without lens?

• An ancient nifty fifty, such as Pentax SMC 50mm f/1.7 manual-focus lens ($20-50), used with several cameras with varying resolution and dynamic range. The better the camera, the better the images look.

• Here are some straight-out-of-camera JPEGs that were not post-processed except to resize or compress for upload. They were taken with broken lenses. Without a reasonably good camera body, no image capture would have been possible.

  Taken with a broken 50/1.8 lens that was probably made in 1950-1970:

  

  Taken with a broken 35/2.8 lens, probably made in 1980-1990s:

  

• Here are 100% crops from images taken with the same lens (Canon EF 40/2.8 STM) on different cameras with the same settings (1/80, f/2.8, ISO 800, custom white balance). The image on the left is the best of three. The image on the right is the best of about a dozen. I used Live View to avoid potential problems with autofocus micro-adjustment. The difference is apparent even within the thumbnail.

  

... you should spend more on your lenses and less on your camera bodies.

No. You should spend less on both by buying lightly used items. Camera equipment lose much of their value several hours to days before the end of the return window. After that, both lenses and camera bodies depreciate over time, though at different rates.

Although those who have more lenses than camera bodies are likely to collectively have spent more on lenses than camera bodies, a set of reasonably good lenses can be assembled for less than the price of a reasonably good mirrorless camera body.

... it always requires a lens, camera, and photographer... – dpollitt

Lenses are not required. Lensless photography even has a cult following, and with some care, results can be impressive. Here is an image that was taken with no lens:

Arguably, the photographer is not required either. Who is the photographer when the Mars rover does its thing? (Okay, I guess it's the Mars rover.)

It is the lens that takes the picture, not the camera body. – Jack Bare

Lenses are pretty useless by themselves. Anyone who believes otherwise is encouraged to post a photo that was taken with only a lens and no camera body.

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... you're missing the point...

One could argue that it's the golf ball that goes in the hole and wins the game, but does that mean you should put all your money into getting a good ball without considering whether you have a minimally decent set of clubs?

For digital, if your camera is good enough, get good lenses and upgrade the body later. If your camera is exceptionally bad, good lenses won't do you any good until after you upgrade the body.

For film, the camera matters less while the film matters more. But there are still terrible cameras that produce unusable results. Once the body is reasonably functional, good lenses need to go with good film (that's personally developed or sent to a good lab).

But none of that matters if you don't know how to use the equipment to get the results you're after. An experienced golfer using a ball fished out of the lake and a Sunday bag will do better than a beginner with the newest high-tech everything (who lost the ball in the lake in the first place).

Answer 14

My experience is that photographer skills is the first important factor. Lens is very important when it comes to the type of photo you are going to take. Most of entry level lenses can do the job, but when you want to capture a ,for example, long-focus photo your lens is very decisive on the results you get.

Answer 15

It is the lens that takes the picture, not the camera body. All that the body does is open and close the shutter to let in the light from the lens. You can have the best and most expensive camera body in the world, if you put a cheap lens on it the result will be a poor picture quality. Conversely, if you put a high quality lens on a cheap camera body, as long as the mechanism is reliable, you will get a high quality picture. But ultimately, even before the lens, it is the photographer that makes the picture. A talented photographer with a relatively cheap camera and lens can take a far better picture than a mediocre photographer with the best camera and lens in the world.

Answer 16

It's clearly the lens. Lenses have a lot more impact on image quality than the body. This is shot from a tripod, 42 inch soft boxes on both sides, at f/8, 1/125 s, ISO 400.

I tried a mediocre Tamron 28-300 f/3.5-5.6 lens on both a Canon 450D (Rebel XSi) and a Canon 5D Mark III.

Did the same with a Canon 24-70mm f/2.8 and a Canon 24-105m f/4 on the same bodies as above.

Canon5DMarkIII_Canon70-200f28:

Canon5DMarkIII_Tamron28-300:

Canon450d_Canon24-105f4:

Canon450d_Canon28-70f28:

Canon450d_Tamron28-300: