Unless you just mean the overall yellow/brown tone, no, you can't do this by adding a filter. You need three things: a model, setup, and lighting.
"A model" might seem obvious, but: posing like this isn't innate. It takes skill and practice. You probably need to hire a professional model — or else someone you work well with and a lot of patience.
By setup, I mean: the backdrop and costume, but especially hair and makeup. Again, you might want to look for a professional here.
And finally, with those elements in place, you'll need the lighting. A large softbox for the main light, plus some fill lights.
After the shoot, you may want to do some retouching to get the doll-like perfection (or, more accurately, doll-like representation of a certain ideal of perfection) — but that in itself is a skilled operation, not something you can just call up a filter to accomplish.
It's interesting to note that many (or most?) vintage pinups were in fact made from photographs staged first. However, the paintings are very clearly fantastical reinterpretations rather than anything like applying a layer of paint over the real shapes in the image. Take a look at this gallery of photographs and pinups by artist Gil Elvgren to see what I mean.
Or just look at your example — even if we assume some perspective distortion, no human being has proportions like that. To get that kind of look starting with a pure photograph — or even a similar look within the realm of actual real women (or men) — is actually going to take as much or more skill and talent as learning to paint.