Nikon's F mount has been less disruptive throughout the years, with few exceptions you can mount almost any Nikkor lens in today's Nikon bodies.

Darktable, based on libgphoto2, claims it can handle X10, but couldn't find a way to verify it. As for the white orbs, there isn't a way to tell if a camera is affected or not before buying, so the only option is buying it and test.

Many of those missing features in ASP can be obtained via plugins: watermark, gradients, split toning, etc.