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What curves do photographers use when modifying the contrast of their photographic images?¹
The vast majority don't do their own curves programmatically, which seems to be what you are seeking.
Instead, most start with a "canned" default curve, such as your example of y = a*x + b, applied by their chosen raw processing application, and then either ...
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To work such a problem you need to know the dimensions of the imagining chip. Chips with 480 x 640 and labeled VGA resolution and typically they are CCD’s containing 0.3 megapixels. Typical is a chip measuring 6.6mm height by 8.8mm length. Now using trigonometry we can compute the focal length of a lens that delivers a horizontal angle of view of 60° and a ...
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You can draw a right triangle from the center of the lens to the center of the sensor to the edge of the sensor. The angle at the lens is half the field of view. The leg opposite the angle is half the width of the sensor. The focal length is the other leg. You can find the focal length by trig. The two axes have inconsistent data, so will result in ...
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