Dynamic range is independent of exposure time and settings. Regardless of whether you take a shot at f/16 for 1/60th or f/8 for 1/125th (for example), if the dynamic range is too large for your sensor to cope with, some part of your shot will be exposed incorrectly.

A scene with large dynamic range essentially requires two different exposures _in the same shot_: a longer exposure for the darker part and a shorter exposure for the lighter part.

[ND filters][2] and the [Black Card Technique][1] are examples of methods where this is achieved in-camera. Nowadays, it is also extremely easy to [blend two separate shots together in post-processing][3].


  [1]: https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/23836/what-is-the-black-card-technique/23838#23838

[2]:https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/13857/how-do-i-use-graduated-neutral-density-filters/13859#13859

[3]:http://photo.blogoverflow.com/2012/06/exposure-blending-for-landscape-photography/