Working distance is measured from the front of the lens to the subject. For your EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro lens the working distance at minimum focus distance (MFD)/full magnification is approximately 146mm.
Focus distance is measured from the subject to the imaging plane (film or sensor). For your EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro lens the focus distance at full magnification/MFD is 310mm.
Most lenses' focal lengths are measured when the lens is focused at infinity. As focus distance is reduced, the angle of view provided by the lens often changes. This is what is know as focus breathing. The 310mm MFD of your EF 100mm f/2.8 reveals to us that the effective focal length at 1:1 magnification is about 77.5mm. This is fairly common for a 100mm Macro lens.
Additionally, focal length for a compound lens is measured from the point where a single theoretical thin lens would be placed to provide the same amount of magnification. A compound lens is a system of several lenses, usually arranged in groups, that together act as a single lens. Pretty much every commercially available lens for interchangeable lens camera systems are compound lenses. Your EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro has 12 lens elements arranged in 8 groups.
For most wide angle lenses which have a retrofocus design, this theoretical thin lens point is well behind the front of the lens. For telephoto lenses this point is, by definition, in front of the front of the lens.
When focused at the 310mm minimum focus distance (MFD), the front of your EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro is about 163mm in front of the sensor. But the field of view and magnification provided by the lens at MFD makes it effectively a 77.5mm lens at that focus distance. This means a theoretical 77.5mm thins lens would need to be at 155mm in front of the sensor (which also places it at 155mm away from the subject) for 1:1 magnification. This places the effective nodal point of your EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro about 8mm behind the front of the lens when focused at the MFD.