Some have already answered this, but I'd like to add a bit and summarize. **1)** With optical **you first need to actually fire a flash**. Sometimes you can fire the built-in flash. But you will contaminate the scene with that first flash. You do not want that when you really want a mood. Radio trigger = Problem solved. **2)** Optical slaves do not fire in some **bright situations**, not only in daylight, but also indoors where some spotlight is over one of your slaves. Radio trigger = Problem solved. **3)** Optical. You need a **line of sight**. This limits you on the setup. Radio trigger = Problem solved. **4)** Distances. With optical, the slave won't detect at some **range**. Let's say 5 m. Radio trigger = Problem solved. Some triggers work with ranges at least 10 times larger. You can have a flash on the other side of a room and trigger it. **5)** **Flash firing contamination**. You are at a wedding with your optical flashes...and everyone is firing their own flashes... you are in a trouble. Radio trigger = Problem solved. **6)** In some models you can **remotely adjust the intensity** of the flash from the trigger itself. You can set up 3 groups for example, and change group A to 1/2 power, group B to 1/4, and group C to 1/8 or whatever combination you want. No need to run to your flashes. **7)** And in some models you also have TTL. **TTL on an offshoe flash**! **Flexibility** That is the difference. --- Nowadays there are some cheap but sturdy radio triggers and receivers, and some flashes with radio receivers built in. Price is not a real issue anymore.