You can. In fact people do. Longer focals have the advantage, that you can (for the same magnification ratio) remain further away from the object you take the photo as with a shorter focal length. This is usefull as you will have more light on the object. (Sufficient light is one of the problems in macro photography. Why this is so needs a longer explanation.)
Macro is not tied to the focal. A macro lens is a lens that is calculated to give best performance for short film/sensor-object distances. In fact you can take any lens and insert macro rings to get nearer your object. But a lens not calculated for short distances will deliver a subpar image.
Eugen Mezei
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