This particular image may well be direct out of camera with only some basic color touch up. The only limitation on location is that it needs to be a dark area with the milky way overhead at the position you want and the moon should be mostly dark to avoid light pollution. It also needs to be a clear night obviously.
You use a long exposure on a tripod. You can tell this image was a long exposure from the trail on the left of the image which shows the travel of either an airplane or a shooting star.
The red on the side is likely a source of light pollution located off camera. Long exposure photography, especially when set this sensitively, is EXTREMELY susceptible to color fringing from external light sources. It could also be caused intentionally by introducing an external light source to the area.
Then it is just a matter of working your exposure curves carefully in post to bring out the details and contrast at the right parts of the image.