Each lens, as it comes off the assembly line is unique. In other words, each likely varies somewhat from the specifications of the design criteria. Now all lenses suffer from the twin demons of refection and interference. Both plagues, diffraction happens when light rays just graze the blades of iris diaphragm (aperture opening). These rays are not choked off, instead they are caused to alter their path and intermix (interference) with nearby rays that did not encounter an obstacle. The result is series of interference bands. The intensity of the bands decrease in intensity and spacing thus they trail off and become naught.
This phenomena effects every lens and was well studied by John Strutt, English Physicist, 1842-1919, Nobel Laureate, Physics, a nobleman, 3rd Baron Rayleigh. His published works on lens resolution is know as the Rayleigh Criterion (remains today as the basis of lens resolving power) "the revolving power of a lens will decrease as the diameter of the aperture increases (opens up)".
This will differ somewhat as to wave length. For pictorial devices, 589 millimicrons is often quoted.
f/1 = 1392 lines per millimeter
f/1.4 = 557 lines per millimeter
f/2 = 696 lines per millimeter
f/2.8 = 497 lines per millimeter
f/4 = 348 lines per millimeter
f/5.6 = 249 lines per millimeter
f/8 = 174 lines per millimeter
f/11 = 127 lines per millimeter
f/16 = 87 lines per millimeter
Note: These are the maximum possible resolving power. The resolving power for f/8 is higher than that of a pictorially useful film emulsion.