Given, the fact that every camera has a distinct photo look in its result, is there a technical term that is used for denoting this aspect, which basically denotes the nature of photos a particular camera or lens takes? Basically a term which signifies photo characteristics as a whole.
For example, this question discusses "leica look".
Is there a specific term for these outcomes?
After thinking about this for several seconds, I would suggest that at the very most any difference at all would be very subtle. That said, how could one begin to identify such a quality?
Suppose you had an infinitely interchangeable camera system where you could change one factor at a time (like a specific lens or a specific sensor or a specific system of interior flare-reducing baffles within the camera body or even the kind of black anti-reflecting coatings within the system). Then, you had a cadre of photographers with different interests such as portrait, landscape, street, and such.
Then, you mix-and-match the work and compare a pile of un-cropped prints, say. Colour in one pile and monochrome in another to make comparison between them easier. The question at this point would be what would you be comparing?
Subject, most definitely. Definition and acutance, possibly. Focus and hyperfocal distance, yes. Style, probably depending on the photographer you might pick out similarities. We could go down the list.
In most cases I can think of, the camera format size would be the defining difference between cameras' "look" all things considered. Small formats have a look that large format cameras cannot compare or imitate with and vice-versa.
When I compare a sub-miniature shots from a Tessina or a Minox to a miniature Brownie or an instamatic to a small Nikon or a Canon to a medium Mamiya or Hasselblad to a large Zone VI or a Linhoff there is a distinct difference ("look") between each of these categories of Camera Format Size.
I'm not sure this actually answers the question posed; but, I had to give it a shot. I've identified the factor, I believe. An actual term eludes me other than the nebulous one usually used which is image "quality."
Perhaps je ne sais quoi is the phrase you're looking for.
... is there a technical term that is used for denoting this aspect, which basically denotes the nature of photos a particular camera or lens takes?
There is no technical term for something as vague and broad as "nature". Technical terms tend to be precise. They can often be described in mathematical notation.
YES.
The definitive technical difference between any two imaging systems - is called the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function). That's how imaging systems are compared for fidelity of reproduction among other things.
It has little to do with visual evaluation so it may be off topic insofar as "Photography."
Few non-technical people even know what it is.
Here is a brief introduction for the beginner including the formula to generate the result mathematically. Modulation Transfer Function - York University
