Yes, there are:
"image stitching" to build a higher resolution picture from photos of different parts of an object (e.g. panoramas)
"focus stacking" to join together more photos of the same object and same point of view with different focus points (especciallyespecially used to create macros with much deeper depth of field)
"image stacking" to make much brighter (and slightly sharper and more detailed) picture from a number of photos of the same area (prefferedpreferred for astrophotography)
2nd and 3rd are just two variants of basically the same process.