I doubt anyone will have a direct answer for why exactly your camera or memory card has corrupted the images. We do have two previously asked questions that address how to recover deleted images.
- How can I recover deleted photos from an SD Card?How can I recover deleted photos from an SD Card?
- How can I recover photo files from a memory card with a corrupt filesystem?How can I recover photo files from a memory card with a corrupt filesystem?
As another user pointed out, the camera may be looking at a thumbnail preview and not the full image. Try out some of the recovery software to see if you can pull the images to your PC and work on them from that aspect.