Canon, Nikon and Pentax each have their own TTL flash metering systems, respectively E-TTL, i-TTL, and P-TTL work. As far as I know, theyThey all use a weak preflash that is metered and used to calculate flash power level required for correct exposure, but I suspect there might be differences in implementation details.
What are the nuances by which the modern TTL systems differ, and in which situations do strengths/weaknesses and weaknesses of these metering algorithms show?
I already know that each system is brand-specific and uses different hot-shoe contacts, so no need to mention that.